It is said that democratic system of government is endowed with flexibility and capacity for constant adaptation to accommodate diverse interests in a plural society. Afghanistan is a culturally diverse country, where ethnic divides continue to carry the potential for recurrence of conflict. The relations between different groups have been normalized over the last ten years but there is a growing criticism of lack of inclusiveness in the political decision-making processes and government agencies.

Democracy is believed to have the capacity to build norms for compromise and cooperation and these could be materialized in institutions- defined to be rules and constraints for human interaction and behavioral incentives. Ten years ago, Afghan people embarked on democratic processes with the help of international community.

The situation was not a normal one. Also, many political actors that were involved in the negotiation processes state that they did not have a required degree of fairness and transparency. Under such an emergency circumstances, political actors agreed over the kind of institutional designs.

International community had much at stake in Afghanistan. They helped different groups to come together and reach a compromise. Scholars and writers believe that this process must be fluid in order to detect the flaws that may pop up after the agreement is reached but, of course, any changes must be made within the accepted rules of democratic game.

There are many political groups and actors that promote the belief and policy that time is ripe for initiating the democratic debate and dialogue on the defects of the current institutional arrangements to make them more inclusive and more accountable to the nation.

They argue that the fact that president Karzai’s administration is plagued with rampant corruption and ministries are not able to spend their allocated budgets on the projects they design is indicative of the flaws of the current centralized power structure and other institutional designs.

These political oppositions are of the view that provincial governors continue to be unhappy with next to no authority that they have in budget development and spending. This dissatisfaction leaves no incentive for them to actually work to bring changes to people’s life at the provincial level.

What they suggest is initiation and implementation of political reforms that can on one hand stimulate effectiveness and efficiency as well as accountability in the government administrations and on the other hand provide for the basic democratic value of inclusiveness to accommodate the culturally and ethnically diverse interests of Afghan people.